Descriptions of the types of 55 gallon drums with lists of manufacturers and uses for 55 gallon drums
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A 55 gallon drum is a robust cylindrical container designed for storing a diverse range of materials, such as chemicals, powders, grains, and liquids. These drums are constructed from galvanized steel, stainless steel, carbon steel, and hardened steel. The choice of metal varies depending on the materials slated for storage. Additionally, 55 gallon drums can be fabricated from durable plastics, fiberboard, and even cardboard.
The earliest versions of 55 gallon drums were crafted from wood for the purpose of transporting crude oil.
However, these wooden barrels lacked the necessary size and strength for the rigorous demands of consistent use, as bulk transport largely relied on railways and ships. Elizabeth Cochran Seaman, better known as Nellie Bly, devised a more stable and durable solution by inventing a ribbed steel 55 gallon drum. She patented this creation as a ribbed steel barrel, which could efficiently hold large volumes of oil.
Initially, the Nellie Bly drum was solely utilized for oil transport. This changed in 1914 at the onset of World War I, which necessitated the transport of sulfuric acid. Unfortunately, the steel in the Nellie Bly drum was too thin to safely contain acid, resulting in several mishaps. Charles Draper then developed a mechanism to double seal 12-gauge steel, allowing the drums to securely store caustic acids. Draper’s innovation fundamentally transformed the drum manufacturing industry, setting the stage for the modern 55 gallon drum.
The terms drum and barrel are often used interchangeably in the industrial packaging and bulk material handling sector, but they have distinct origins and technical definitions. While "barrel" is historically associated with measuring crude oil quantities ("barrel of oil"), "drum" is the preferred terminology in modern industrial and shipping applications for standardized cylindrical storage containers. Adding to the confusion is the musical drum versus the industrial drum—where the former refers to an instrument with a striking surface, and the latter is a robust cylinder designed for transporting and storing liquids, chemicals, powders, and hazardous materials. In industrial contexts, both "drum" and "barrel" refer to essentially the same type of high-capacity storage vessel accepted across manufacturing, logistics, and chemical processing industries.
55 gallon drums—sometimes called 55 gallon barrels or bulk storage drums—are manufactured from several different materials, each selected for its specific performance properties. Carbon steel, stainless steel, and cold-rolled steel dominate metal drum production due to their exceptional strength, corrosion resistance, and compatibility with a variety of liquid and solid substances. Some specialty drums are fabricated from aluminum for lighter-weight applications. Meanwhile, plastic 55 gallon drums are molded from high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or other industrial polymers, offering chemical resistance and lightweight handling for industries like food processing, pharmaceuticals, and hazardous waste management. For dry goods or semi-bulk materials, fiberboard drums—reinforced with dense fiber and adhesives—provide a cost-effective, sustainable alternative for bulk packaging and shipping needs.
Steel drums and metal barrels are vital to the global supply chain, especially for shipping chemicals, oils, fuels, solvents, and industrial powders. Manufactured in compliance with strict UN/DOT regulations for hazardous materials, metal drums offer high durability, impact resistance, and a secure containment solution for both transport and storage.
The manufacturing process of a 55 gallon steel drum begins with the forming of drum ends—tops and bottoms—stamped from rolled steel coils using high-powered punch presses. This precise metal forming ensures a perfect fit between the two ends and the drum’s cylindrical shell, forming the crucial first stage of the drum’s secure, leakproof construction. Protective coatings are then applied to the drum’s interior and exterior surfaces to enhance corrosion resistance—essential for packaging chemicals, hazardous waste, and sensitive products. The lid is further processed to create bung holes and vent holes, which are equipped with standardized fittings for filling and emptying operations.
The cylindrical body of a steel drum is formed from precision-cut sheet metal. Automated rollers curve the sheets into a perfect cylinder, creating a single longitudinal seam. A high-current resistance welding process then bonds the seam, making it both hermetically sealed and structurally robust to withstand stacking, rolling, and forklift handling. Each welded seam undergoes rigorous quality inspection—often including non-destructive testing—to comply with international safety and durability standards, including UN/DOT certification for hazardous materials shipping.
During steel drum assembly, the cylinder is mated with the preformed top and bottom, creating a unified structure. A specialized sealing method called the chime process—performed by rolling machines—mechanically crimps and flattens the metal edges to guarantee an airtight, leakproof seal between all components. Closed-head drums (tight head drums) feature a permanently-attached top with bung openings, preferred for storing and shipping liquids such as petroleum products and industrial chemicals. In contrast, open-head drums (removable lid drums) have a detachable cover secured by a chime clinch ring, ideal for storing solids, semi-liquids, or products requiring frequent access.
Chime bands are often used for additional reinforcement when internal product expansion or pressure changes are anticipated—an important safety feature for both hazardous and non-hazardous cargo.
Final drum finishing involves applying protective coatings or industrial paints to enhance the drum's chemical resistance, corrosion protection, and identification. Drum color coding is frequently used in industries like chemicals, food processing, or hazardous waste management to distinguish between product types, contents, or regulatory classifications. The painting process typically utilizes automated spray booths and conveyorized dryers to ensure even coverage and rapid curing. Depending on the intended use—such as food-grade, pharmaceutical, or hazardous material drum applications—different coatings (including epoxy or phenolic linings) may be required to comply with FDA, EPA, or international standards.
While carbon steel, stainless steel, and hardened alloys remain the primary choices for manufacturing 55 gallon drums, factors such as wall thickness, corrosion protection, regulatory compliance, and intended application (industrial, food, hazardous, pharmaceutical) influence the selection of metal and finishing method. All steel drum manufacturing processes adhere to stringent quality assurance protocols to guarantee safety and performance.
Plastic drums are a popular alternative to steel due to their high chemical resistance, lightweight construction, and versatility. Industries such as water treatment, agriculture, food service, and hazardous waste management rely on HDPE 55 gallon drums and other polymer drum types to safely store and transport corrosive chemicals, edible products, and non-hazardous substances. Plastic drum manufacturing involves several advanced molding techniques, with blow molding and rotational molding being the most widely used. Each process impacts the drum's thickness, structural integrity, recyclability, and suitability for specific industry requirements such as UN/DOT hazardous material ratings or FDA approval for food-grade packaging.
The blow molding process utilizes plastic resins—typically high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, or other engineered thermoplastics—for their impact strength and chemical inertness. A parison (hollow plastic tube) is extruded, expanded within a custom drum mold using compressed air, and cooled to form the drum’s seamless body. Wall thickness and density can be precisely controlled, making blow molded drums ideal for a vast array of applications ranging from hazardous waste containment to potable water storage or bulk food packaging. Quality assurance includes drop testing, leak testing, and chemical compatibility verification to ensure compliance with industry standards for drum safety and reusability.
Rotational molding (rotomolding) is preferred for manufacturing large, seamless plastic drums with consistent wall thickness and exceptional strength. The process uses milled plastic resin powder—typically HDPE, LLDPE, or cross-linked polyethylene—which is loaded into a rotating mold that is heated until the resin melts and adheres evenly to the cavity’s surface. Rotomolded drums excel in applications requiring high impact resistance, including outdoor storage, environmental containment, and transportation in harsh conditions. Though less common for high-volume production due to longer cycle times and higher tooling costs, rotational molding produces durable drums well-suited for tough industrial and environmental uses, including UN certified hazardous material transport and secondary spill containment.
Fiber drums are manufactured by winding multiple plies of high-strength kraft paper and adhesives around a mandrel to form rigid, lightweight cylindrical containers. Commonly used in the pharmaceutical, food additive, dry chemical, and agricultural industries, fiberboard drums are valued for their cost efficiency, sustainability, ease of handling, and customizable performance. Modern fiber drums may incorporate polyethylene liners or moisture barriers for added protection against water and contamination, making them suitable for packaging powders, granules, and semi-bulk specialty chemicals.
Two main fiber drum types serve diverse industrial requirements: crimped fiber drums—which have metal chime rings for added strength—and all-fiber drums featuring fiberboard lids and bottoms for applications demanding recyclable or non-metal packaging. The beading process tightly secures the rings or hoops to the drum’s body, ensuring reinforcement and long-term durability. Drum linings and coatings can also be specified for compatibility with food, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, or regulated hazardous materials, aligning with FDA, USDA, or international shipping standards.
Fiber drums are available as open-head designs with removable covers for easy loading or as closed-head containers with bung holes, enhancing versatility for various transport, storage, and regulatory demands. Their lightweight design reduces shipping costs and manual handling burdens compared to steel or plastic drums, making them popular for companies seeking eco-friendly bulk packaging alternatives.
When considering fiber drums versus plastic or metal drums, users evaluate material compatibility, strength, cost, recyclability, product safety, and applicable industry standards to select the ideal drum for their storage or shipping needs.
The standard 55 gallon drum is the container of choice for a wide array of industries due to its exceptional portability, large storage capacity, durability, and chemical resistance. These industrial drums play a critical role in the petroleum, chemical processing, food and beverage manufacturing, pharmaceutical, hazardous waste management, water treatment, and agricultural sectors. 55 gallon drums are designed for shipping, bulk storage, and safe containment of materials such as oils, solvents, industrial chemicals, granular ingredients, liquid foodstuffs, and hazardous materials. Their adaptability makes them essential for industrial packaging and material handling operations.
For efficient inventory management, 55 gallon drums can be easily labeled, color coded, or custom-branded to meet regulatory or organizational requirements. Options for imprinted logos and decorative designs support brand recognition and compliance with safety standards. Drums can be fitted with one or two bung holes, allowing for the use of drum pumps, valves, or dispensing equipment, and facilitating the secure transfer of liquids or powders during processing or transportation. Drums are available in both open head and closed head configurations to accommodate different user needs, and their robust construction meets UN/DOT regulations for hazardous materials as needed.
Physically, a typical 55 gallon drum holds 44 British Imperial gallons, 200 liters, or 55 U.S. gallons. Measuring 22.5” (57.15 cm) in diameter and 33.5” (85 cm) in height, its volumetric efficiency supports space optimization for palletizing, warehouse storage, or transport logistics. Consistent sizing ensures compatibility with standard drum handling equipment, such as rotary drum mixers, drum dollies, forklifts, and drum racks. Reinforcements or rolling hoops further enhance safety and ease of handling, especially for steel drums built for rough industrial environments.
The primary uses for 55 gallon drums are industrial storage and bulk shipping. Their size, strength, and easy maneuverability make them indispensable to logistics operations. High-performance gaskets and secure closures, such as bolt rings on open head drums or welded seams on closed head drums, provide leak-proof containment, protecting both product quality and environmental safety. Both open and tight-head drums are sealed for spill prevention during transit or storage. Open head drums are equipped with a removable lid secured by a ring clamp, while tight-head drums feature permanently sealed ends with threaded bungs for filling and venting.
Closed head drums (tight-head drums) are completely sealed with welded or molded tops and bottoms—an essential feature for the secure storage and transport of liquid chemicals, fuels, or volatile materials. Plastic drums, typically made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or other industrial-grade polymers, also start as tight-head drums and are trusted for their corrosion resistance and chemical compatibility. Threaded bung holes allow a tight, secure fit for closures, minimizing leakage and maximizing operational safety. These robust features make 55 gallon drums suitable for hazardous waste storage, spill containment, and compliant shipping of regulated substances.
The introduction of 55 gallon drums revolutionized bulk oil storage and transport in the petroleum industry. Before their adoption, oil was shipped in inefficient wooden barrels prone to leakage and damage. The transition to metal 55 gallon drums enabled safer, more reliable shipment of crude oil, refined fuels, and lubricants. Even as modern pipelines and tankers now dominate large-scale oil transport, 55 gallon drums remain a standard for transporting smaller volumes of petroleum products, lubricating oils, additives, and specialty chemicals. Notably, the "barrel" still serves as a key measurement unit for global oil pricing and production statistics, underscoring the drum’s ongoing industry relevance.
Food-grade 55 gallon drums—manufactured from FDA-approved HDPE, fiberboard, or coated steel—are widely used for safe storage and delivery of bulk food ingredients, liquids, edible oils, sweeteners, and beverage concentrates. Their sanitary construction ensures compliance with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other international food safety standards, making them indispensable for commercial kitchens, food processors, and large-scale producers. All food-safe drums are certified to prevent contamination and preserve product integrity, supporting both dry and liquid food distribution across the supply chain. The versatility of these containers allows for use in fermentation, ingredient blending, and secure bulk transport, helping the food industry meet stringent quality and safety requirements.
In the pharmaceutical sector, 55 gallon drums are rigorously engineered to maintain the purity and safety of raw pharmaceutical ingredients, active compounds, and finished products. FDA certification is mandatory for pharmaceutical-grade drums, ensuring that they are made from non-reactive, contaminant-free materials. Due to the sensitive nature of pharmaceutical contents—which may include active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), chemical intermediates, or hazardous compounds—these drums often feature additional safeguards like tamper-evident seals, antistatic linings, or inert coatings. Specialized 55 gallon drums are crucial for the regulated transport, secure storage, and environmental protection required by the pharmaceutical industry’s strict handling and containment standards.
The handling, storage, and transportation of industrial chemicals require containers engineered for maximum safety and chemical resistance. 55 gallon drums, available in options such as carbon steel, stainless steel, or high-density polyethylene, are tailored for compatibility with corrosive, flammable, or reactive chemicals. Precision manufacturing and rigorous leak testing ensure that these containers protect workers and prevent environmental contamination. Closed-head drums with flame arresters or anti-static bonding are often specified for volatile or hazardous chemicals to mitigate risks associated with flammability or toxicity. Industries dealing with powder, granules, solvents, acids, and industrial reagents rely on these chemical drums for both operational safety and regulatory compliance with environmental health and safety (EHS) guidelines. The dependability and compliance of 55 gallon drums make them the storage solution of choice for chemical process management.
Overall, the unique combination of durability, compatibility, and convenience found in 55 gallon drums addresses virtually any storage, shipping, or hazardous materials handling challenge. Their widespread adoption demonstrates their essential role in safe and compliant industrial packaging across sectors.
A burn barrel is a specialized 55 gallon drum converted for controlled waste incineration, commonly employed in rural or remote areas with limited municipal waste disposal options. Made from sturdy steel, burn barrels are engineered to withstand high temperatures, prevent warping, and enable the safe combustion of paper, yard debris, and other combustible waste. Strict construction standards—including specific ventilation patterns and fire-retardant coatings—aim to minimize environmental impact, airborne particulates, and safety hazards associated with open burning.
When using Burn barrels, it is critical to follow local regulations stemming from state, municipal, or fire district guidelines that address open burning, air emissions, and fire prevention. Burn barrels are available as ready-to-use solutions or can be fabricated through DIY projects, provided the drum is properly cleaned and free of hazardous residues. Metal barrels generally feature strategically drilled ventilation holes for air circulation, and any open lid should be covered with a tight metal mesh to prevent the escape of burning debris, reduce the risk of fire, and comply with environmental standards.
Most burn barrels utilize holes drilled at the base to encourage efficient combustion, while those equipped with a lid supply aeration through multiple small holes. Steel burn barrels are preferred for longevity and heat resistance while maintaining strict adherence to fire safety standards.
Water barrels, also known as rain barrels, provide an eco-friendly solution for collecting and storing non-potable water from roof runoff and downspout systems. Constructed primarily from UV-resistant plastics like high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), or polypropylene, water barrels may also be made from aluminum or galvanized steel for enhanced durability and longevity. These rainwater harvesting systems play a pivotal role in water conservation by serving as reservoirs for recycling rainwater for irrigation, lawn care, car washing, and other non-drinking applications.
Rain barrels support sustainable landscaping by reducing stormwater runoff, lessening demands on municipal water supplies, and lowering utility costs. Properly installed with spigots, overflow valves, and optional filtration screens, water barrels can save the average homeowner up to 1,300 gallons of water per year. Water collection devices also contribute to stormwater management practices, helping control erosion and protect local waterways. Due to their practicality, water barrels come in multiple sizes and configurations, including reconditioned plastic or steel drums, maximizing budget and functional versatility for homeowners and commercial users alike.
Retailers—especially those serving agricultural, rural, or eco-conscious markets—offer a variety of water drum options, with plastic barrels being most popular due to their corrosion-resistance and lightweight construction. Choosing reconditioned or refurbished barrels can further reduce costs while maintaining reliable water storage. For long-term applications, aluminum and galvanized steel provide additional strength and weather resistance for outdoor water storage needs, making them a smart choice for rain collection, emergency water storage, and sustainable property management.
The initial 55 gallon drums designed for transporting oil have rapidly grown into an essential storage device for several industries. Made of various forms of steel and light metals, the size of 55 gallon drums fits the quantities and applications necessary for industrial use.
Unlike other forms of shipping and storage containers, 55 gallon drums are sustainable and long lasting. Most types can endure the harsh treatment of truck, ship, and railroad shipping as well as material handling on shipping docks and warehouses.
Barrel manufacturers and 55 gallon drum manufacturers offer different types of products with some manufacturers specializing in plastic 55 gallon drums while others sell only fiber or metal drums. Some of the variable features that are offered include reinforcing rings called chimes, bung holes, mechanical ring clamps and internal coatings. The standard international barrel or drum size is 55 gallons, or 44 imperial gallons.
Metal drums are made from carbon steel, stainless steel and cold rolled steel. Some special types of 55 gallon drums are made from other metals, including aluminum. The choice of type of steel drum is dependent on the application for which it will be used. Carbon steel is often in the handling of hazardous chemicals for chemical processing, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and wastewater industries. Stainless steel is ideal for sanitary applications as well as applications requiring a high degree of corrosion resistance such as food and beverage, industrial manufacturing and construction. Cold rolled steel is best-suited for industries requiring very high tensile strength, such as mining and defense.
The wide variety of plastic drums are made from highly durable plastics, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), nylon, and polystyrene, which are high density plastics capable of withstanding constant handling. Plastic 55 gallon drums are lightweight, flexible and resistant to the effects of solvents, diluted acids, alkalis, and alcohol. They are the preferred choice for shipping food products and chemicals due to their low cost and ability to withstand all environmental conditions.
Fiber drums, also referred to as cardboard drums, are used for storing and shipping of products, such as food stuffs, powders, granule materials, and solids. They are a low-cost alternative to steel and plastic drums and offer the added benefit of being recyclable just like cardboard. Fiber drums are lighter, which results in lower shipping costs. Manufacturers ensure the durability of fiber drums by putting through rugged testing procedures to ensure their structural soundness. Unlike metal drums, there is no danger of fiberboard corroding, which makes them safe for extended periods of storage.
Although the types of material used to manufacture 55 gallon drums is one method of classifying them, the different designs of 55 gallon drums determine their use. The main body of a 55 gallon drum is either metal, plastic, or fiber. The heads or lids and accessories further differentiates the types of drums.
Closed head drums refers to a type of 55 gallon drum that is tightly sealed and incapable of being cracked or opened. For the manufacture of closed head metal 55 gallon drums, the head and bottom of a drum are chimed or welded. In most cases, the welding process involves three steps to ensure a very tight seal. Plastic 55 gallon drums are manufactured as one solid piece without any opening or lid. Fiber 55 gallon drums are sealed by placing layers of craft paper over the head of a drum.
In order to have access to the contents of a closed head drum, bung holes are placed in the head of the drum. Bung holes include threads placed in the top of the drum into which a threaded plug can be placed. Many years ago, bung holes were sealed with large pieces of cork.
Open head 55 gallon drums have a removable lid that is normally locked using a lever lock band. The basic structure of an open head drum is the same as that for closed head drums. The difference being the ability to remove the lid placed on the head. The essential part of an open head drum is the locking mechanism, which applies to fiber, plastic, and metal 55 gallon drums. Although open head drums can have their lid removed, they still need to have a tight secure seal.
The material used for the lid of an open head 55 gallon drum is generally the same as that which is used for the body of the drum. Although this is the standard, there are special varieties of fiber and plastic drums that have metal locking lids.
The popularity of 55 gallon drums extends beyond their use in the United States, which has necessitated the development of standards, regulations, and identification codes for international use. In the latter part of the 20th century, the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) developed a Performance Oriented Packaging system that is used as a rating system for packaging materials. The use of the system was accepted by the United Nations to provide uniformity for international shipping.
Packaging identification codes consist of a number, letter, and number. The first number identifies the type of packaging, such as barrel, drum, box, etc. The letter represents the material used to produce the packaging type, such as steel, cardboard, aluminum, and wood. The final number indicates if the packaging type is open or closed headed.
The identification code is followed by the packing group, which identifies the hazard level of the materials being shipped. The three hazard levels are high, medium, and low with X being the most hazardous, Y being medium hazardous and Z indicating no hazard or low level hazard.
The first two sets of identifiers are followed by the hydrostatic pressure test, required for a UN rating, year of manufacture, country of origin, and the manufacturer. Each of these codes and identifiers are understandable around the world and make it easy to determine the method of handling a 55 gallon drum.
Drums classified as 7A Type A have been tested and evaluated for the handling of radioactive materials and are made of carbon steel or stainless steel. To achieve the DOT 7A Type A classification, drums are put through rigorous testing including pressure spray, free dropping, and penetration and stacking tests.
DOT 7A Type A drums are designed as shielding for confined small quantities of Class 7, radioactive materials. They are strictly regulated and come in four classes according to the amount of radioactive material they contain.
As the danger of the radioactive material increases, the sturdier and more durable the type of drum is used. Type A drums have a sealed inner container made of stainless steel or carbon steel with an outer container made of fiberboard or plastic. Under DOT specifications, Type A drums are tested for climate conditions such as heavy rain and being dropped, stacked, and punctured or penetrated. Although 7A Type A drums contain radioactive material, they do not contain enough type 7 radioactive material to damage the environment or become a health hazard.
Radioactive material is defined as any material that has an activity level greater than 0.002 microcuries per gram. Included in this group are pharmaceuticals, medical isotopes, radioactive waste, and radioactive materials for industrial use. The DOT requires strict adherence to these conditions, and producers and manufacturers follow the stipulations to the letter.
Salvage 55 gallon drums are a form of rescue drum that is designed to contain materials from leaking drums. They have a unique structure that enables them to have a leaking, damaged, or out of code drum inside a salvage 55 gallon drum such that dangerous materials are safely placed for shipping. Salvage drums comply with DOT and UN regulations for the handling of dangerous materials.
In order to receive a UN salvage drum classification, they are tested using UN tests 1A2, 1B2, 1N2, or 1H2 and marked for packing group III, minor danger, or higher for liquids and solids. Cushioning material or absorption material inside a 55 gallon salvage drum prevents the damaged packaging from shifting and provides a tight seal. The drums are marked with Roman numerals that identify the dangerous material, its hazard level, and any other information. The word “SALVAGE” is printed on the drum in large letters.
Salvage 55 gallon drums are made of heavy duty plastic and steel. When choosing a salvage drum, it is important to have the exact dimensions of the material to be placed in the drum such that the salvage drum perfectly fits the material. Plastic salvage drums are bright yellow while steel salvage drums are a darker yellow with red or yellow covers.
Overpack 55 gallon drums have smaller drums placed inside them for extra protection and safety. Unlike salvage drums, containers placed in overpack drums are intact. They provide an extra level of protection for the transport of all forms of toxic or poisonous materials. Since overpack drums can perform the functions that are similar to salvage drums, some versions are classified as salvage drums.
TIH overpack drums are subjected to rigorous UN tests, including 1A2. Additionally, they are able to endure 15 psi hydrostatic pressure and meet code 45 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) that covers protection for humans. The DOT and UN have designated 218 hazardous materials being TIH/PIH substances to be shipped in overpack drums.
In order to adhere to UN and DOT standards, steel overpack drums are open head drums with a tightly sealed top with bolt rings or lever locks. Plastic overpack 55 gallon drums have screw on lids, lever locks, or bolt locks.
Seamless crevice free nitric drums are specialty drums designed to handle volatile and dangerous substances. Manufacturers of seamless crevice free nitric drums are required to adhere to the stipulations regarding the handling of nitric acid for the safety of their customers and the environment.
There are several regulations, requirements, and standards in regard to the transportation of nitric acid, which is transported in concentrations of 65% to 75% and 95% to 98%. Seamless crevice free nitric drums are made of stainless steel grades 316L and 304 due to their low corrosion rate and approval for the transport of concentrations of 65% to 75%. The transport of higher concentrations of nitric acid requires special study and analysis of the concentration, temperature, metal, and conditions of transport and necessitates the use of specially designed drums.
Nitric acid is a lethal substance that is toxic, corrosive, and a powerful oxidizing agent that can become explosive or flammable when it interacts with other compounds. Seamless crevice free nitric drums are resistant to oxidation and the effects of nitric acid. They have seamless bottoms with crevice free interiors and rust inhibitor linings.
Seamless process drums have smooth sides without crevices for capturing bacteria. They are designed for the storage and shipment of pharmaceutical products, food processing, and personal care products. Lids for seamless process drums are sealed with bolt rings or lever locks over lids with covered gaskets for a tight seal.
The types of seamless drums are produced by spinning raw metal to align its grain structure with repeated passes and tool work to increase the hardness of the material. Metals for spinning seamless drums are annealed before and during the manufacturing process to further enhance the drums properties. The seamless structure of seamless process drums eliminates product contamination and reduces cleaning time.
Seamless process drums are durable and designed to comply with domestic and international regulations. They are manufactured to prevent the contamination of their contents and prevent the growth of bacteria. Seamless process drums meet the highest sanitary standards and are thicker, heavier, and stronger than traditional 55 gallon industrial drums. Their lids are sealed using bolt locks and lever locks.
Used 55 gallon drums are drums that have undergone reconditioning for reuse. The drum refurbishing process includes multiple steps that are designed to clean and sanitate for repurposing. In essence, after a 55 gallon drum has undergone reconditioning, it is as viable as a brand new 55 gallon drum. A cost effective alternative to new 55 gallon drums, refurbished, used drums are an essential part of multiple industrial operations and meet the regulations of the UN and DOT.
Growing environmental concerns has led to companies finding ways to repurpose, recondition, and reusing discarded 55 gallon drums. After proper cleaning and remanufacturing, discarded 55 gallon drums are used as trash bins, rain barrels, compost bins, horse feeders, deer feeders, horse racing barrels, flotation devices, and burn barrels.
Companies that refurbish and recondition 55 gallon drums label the drums as to their former purpose. Markers, printed on the sides of the drums, indicate how a drum was used, such as “food grade,” “non-food grade,” “open top”, “closed top”, “hazardous waste”, or “tight head”. The descriptors identify what was stored in a drum and serve as a safety precaution.
Used 55 gallon drums are evaluated as to their condition and classified as reusable, non-reusable, or for recycling. The distinction between the categories is in accordance with the physical condition of a drum. Drums that contained chemicals, glue, surfactants, and hard to clean materials are classified as non-reusable. Additionally, 55 gallon drums with holes, cracks, ruptures, or other forms of serious damage are defined as unable to be refurbished or reconditioned. Although they may not be able to be reused, their metal may be able to be recycled.
The group of 55 gallon drums that stored volatile, hazardous, or unsafe substances and materials are carefully evaluated to determine if they are worth the expense of refurbishing. Such drums are examined in accordance with a checklist to see if they qualify for refurbishing. If a drum is worth processing, it is subjected to several operations that include sanitization, cleaning, and decontamination.
When making the decision to purchase a used 55 gallon drum, it is important to deal with companies that specialize in 55 gallon drum reconditioning. They can address any concerns and provide helpful information. Professional reconditioners have years of experience. Discarded drums from landfills and dumps can be dangerous and should be avoided
Regardless of the purpose for which a 55 gallon drum is to be used, it is essential to deal with experts in the field of drum reconditioning. In most instances, 55 gallon drums that have been processed by experts are as reliable as brand new drums.
used drums saves money, helps the environment, and repurposes valuable assets. In the 1970s, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the “Three R’s” program of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle to increase awareness regarding environmental issues. Refurbishing companies have developed processes for reconditioning used plastic drums or recycled them for their plastics.
Used plastic 55 gallon drums are cleaned using hot water under high pressure with a mild surfactant cleaning solution. Once sanitized, the drums are subjected to leak tests to check for their compliance with federal codes. Since plastic 55 gallon drums are made from highly durable plastics, if they fail the final tests, they are submitted for recycling.
The decontamination of plastic 55 gallon drums can be difficult and is dependent on the type of plastic used to initially form them. The variety of plastic 55 gallon drums includes open and closed head and sealed drums. When selecting a refurbished plastic drum, it is important to know the plastic used to make it, a factor that determines how a drum can be used.
Plastic 55 gallon drums are a popular choice for storage and shipping. They are cost effective, durable, long lasting, and versatile. When they have outlived their usefulness, they can be refurbished for further use or have their plastic recycled, which is one of the reasons for their wide use. Plastic takes many years to degrade and decompose. During that time, the chemicals in the plastic leach into the soil and contaminate the water supply. It is for this reason that plastic drum manufacturers work to reuse plastic drums or recycle their plastic.
There is a long list of companies that have successfully reconditioned used plastic 55 gallon drums and repurposed them. In the majority of cases, used plastic drums have sufficient structure to comply with UN standards. Reconditioned plastic drums are used for transporting food and beverages, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture.
Manufacturers of 55 gallon drums offer different materials that best fit a customer’s needs. Common materials are steel, plastic and thick paperboard. Most producers specialize in one type of material for their products since attempting to manufacture all forms can be expensive with some offering one or two types of material or a selection.
Steel 55 gallon drums are made from carbon or stainless steel that is cold rolled at room temperature for hardening and shaping. Carbon steel barrels are made for handling wastewater, chemicals, petroleum, and medical products. Stainless steel drums comply with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for sanitation and health requirements for the storage of food products, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and hazardous materials.
Plastic drums are made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene, nylon, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which are corrosion resistant and highly durable. They are produced using rotational molding and blow molding.
Fiber drums, or cardboard drums, are a low-cost alternative to steel or plastic drums, recyclable, and safe and sanitary. For reinforcement and heavy duty uses, metal rings can be added at the top and bottom or metal covers. There are government regulations regarding the manufacture of fiber drums that stipulate government and international standards.
Since cardboard is lightweight and easy to handle, fiber drums reduce shipping costs and provide a convenient means of storage for a wide variety of products. Despite what may appear to be the flimsiness of cardboard, fiber drums are durable enough to withstand the harsh conditions of shipping but are not suitable for outdoor storage. They can easily be produced to match customer design requirements.
Drum manufacturers have a variety of types to fit an assortment of conditions. All forms of 55 gallon drums come with open removable or hinged tops or closed tops with one or two openings. They can be produced with reinforcing rings, belts, or chimes, bung holes, clamps, and various types of coatings.
National and international governments and organizations have regulations regarding drum specifications. The more serious and hazardous the contents of a drum, the greater the number of requirements. Manufacturers supply literature and documentation that delineates how their products may be used and their compliance with international and federal regulations. A careful study of the available information can serve as a guide when purchasing storage and shipping drums.
Industrial drums are the oldest form of shipping and storage containers. As with all types of drums, industrial drums can be open or closed. Steel, plastic, and fiber or cardboard are typically used with steel and plastic being the most common for industrial use. The choice of material depends on the industry and the product to be stored.
Most 55 gallon drums are for industrial use though they may be seen in retail stores, on farms or dairies, and as part of recycling and trash pickup. The uses and purposes of 55 gallon drums are endless and growing. From their beginnings as a means to ship crude oil, they have grown to be an essential part of every industry.
Producers of solvents, chemicals, powdered goods, and lubricants depend on heavy plastic 55 gallon drums to ship their products due to plastic 55 gallon drum’s tight seamless construction. Closed plastic 55 gallon drums keep liquids isolated and prevent spillage. Computerized loading releases the exact amount to fill the container to avoid waste.
The pharmaceutical industry uses several types of barrels, which provide precise and accurate amounts of chemicals. Since much of what is produced by the pharmaceutical industry involves controlled substances, an exact accounting of substances is crucial.
From farming and construction to military and research projects, 55 gallon drums are essential and critical for storing and transporting materials. When warehouse managers consider storing and shipping liquids, powders, granular substances, and seed materials, their first choice is a 55 gallon drum.
Drum reconditioning is an essential and necessary industry that reprocesses and sanitizes discarded storage drums to make them useful. The disposal of storage drums can create environmental hazards especially when the drums have been used for chemical and toxic materials. The removal of 55 gallon drums from landfills, dumps, and long term storage benefits the environment and repurposes them for useful functions.
The reconditioning process requires several steps, which include cleaning, restoring, testing, and certification to meet industry standards. Each of the materials used to produce 55 gallon drums has a set of cleaning and refurbishing requirements, which have to be followed to avoid contamination and provide safety.
When making the decision to purchase used steel drums, it is important to know the difference between reconditioned steel drums, refurbished steel drums, and used steel drums. Several companies sell used steel drums at very low prices, which may be a viable choice but can be dangerous since used steel 55 gallon drums have not undergone reconditioning. Reconditioned steel 55 gallon drums are cleansed, sanitized, reshaped, and repaired to remove any chemicals and residue.
The two methods for reconditioning steel drums are thermal cleaning and aquatic cleaning. Thermal cleaning is a heat treatment used on drums that once contained thick substances such as paints, resins, tar, and adhesives. The process of thermal cleaning involves running the drums through a furnace at temperatures near 1200°F (649°C) to burn off any residual materials that may be clinging to the walls of the drums. To comply with environmental regulations and air pollution standards, the exhaust from the burning process passes through an after burner at 1800°F (982°C) to prevent any toxins from escaping into the atmosphere.
The thermal cleaned 55 gallon drums are straightened, chimed, and have dents removed to restore their initial shape and structure. After the reshaping, the drums are shot blasted to remove ash from the thermal process and any exterior paint. The drums are allowed to cool before being painted and coated. Reconditioned drums are inspected, tested, and examined to ascertain their compliance with DOT and UN regulations.
The aquatic or washing process is used to remove oils, soaps, solvents, cleaners, and other liquids using pressure washing combined with alkaline solutions and steam. After rinsing and drying, the drums are subjected to the straightening, chiming, and having their dents removed. As with the thermal process, the drums are shot blasted to remove any residue and paint. After shot blasting, they are coated, painted, and inspected for compliance with DOT and UN regulations.
Since fiber drums are used to store cleaning products, various powders, metal parts, and food products, they need to be inspected for the viability of refurbishing them. Once approved, reconditioning includes removing all labels and cleaning the interior using forced air, high pressure steam, or alkaline. After being cleaned, they are formed and shaped to match their original design and have their accessories reattached.
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